A new study warns that most marine aquarium fish sold worldwide still come directly from the wild.
Researchers found 90% of marine fish sold online by major US retailers were wild-caught, mostly from the Pacific and Indian oceans.
The global aquarium trade moves about 55 million animals a year and is worth over US$2 billion, with the US driving two-thirds of demand.
Among species sold were 45 listed as threatened or declining, including the Banggai cardinalfish and clarion angelfish.
“The supply chain is murky — from reef to retail,” said Dr Bing Lin from the University of Sydney, who led the study.
Experts say poor oversight allows endangered species to slip through trade rules, risking further population decline.
Marine biologist Dr Marian Wong said better traceability and consumer awareness are vital. “Hobbyists rarely know how or where fish are caught,” she said.
Researchers urge stronger eco-certification and sustainable management to protect reefs and the livelihoods that depend on them.
