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A new bipartisan effort in Congress seeks to remove barriers to studying cannabis and other controlled substances. Representatives Ilhan Omar and Dina Titus have introduced the Evidence-Based Drug Policy Act of 2025 (EBDPA), aimed at easing strict federal restrictions on research into drugs classified as schedule I. These substances, including cannabis, heroin, and MDMA, are often seen as having high abuse potential and no accepted medical use. However, with more than 20 states allowing cannabis for medical use, some lawmakers believe it’s time for policy to reflect scientific evidence.

Shifting Federal Drug Research Policy

The Evidence-Based Drug Policy Act (EBDPA) aims to address issues with a law from 1998 that limits federal funding for research on schedule I drugs. This bill proposes removing these restrictions, allowing government funding for studies on cannabis and other substances with potential therapeutic value. Instead of rescheduling drugs, the bill focuses on breaking down legal barriers to research, making it easier for scientists to explore the potential medical benefits of substances like cannabis, MDMA, and heroin.

Currently, substances classified as schedule I, including cannabis, heroin, and MDMA, are considered to have no medical use and a high risk of abuse. Despite this classification, cannabis is already being used for medical purposes in over 20 states. Representative Ilhan Omar argues that the federal government’s stance on cannabis is outdated and doesn’t reflect the scientific evidence supporting its medical use. She emphasizes the need for policy to align with “scientific evidence and realities on the ground.”

Bipartisan Support and Challenges Ahead

The bill has gained attention for its potential to attract bipartisan support. Drug policy experts believe the EBDPA could have broad appeal across party lines due to its practical approach. Drug policy specialist Katharine Neill Harris describes the bill as “reasonable” and not politically extreme, which might make it more acceptable to lawmakers from both parties. Cat Packer, from the Drug Policy Alliance, agrees, calling the bill a practical move that prioritizes evidence above ideology.

However, others remain skeptical about the bill’s passage, especially in today’s polarized political environment. Aaron Smith, the head of the National Cannabis Industry Association, expressed doubts, saying that even basic proposals struggle to pass in Congress. He noted that the political climate could make it challenging for the bill to gain momentum.

Addressing Gaps in Research and Policy

One of the primary motivations for the EBDPA is the urgent need for better research on cannabis and other controlled substances. Currently, there is no reliable way to track how cannabis affects public health, criminal justice, or economic inequality. Packer points out that without proper research, it is difficult for policymakers to craft informed, effective national policies.

The bill would also open the door for research into other schedule I substances like psilocybin and MDMA, which have shown promise in treating mental health conditions like depression and PTSD. Harris emphasizes the importance of scientific inquiry into these substances, which could lead to breakthroughs in medical treatments.

Currently, the federal government lacks substantial data on cannabis use. Harris argues that the lack of research limits our understanding of its medicinal properties, including optimal dosage, long-term effects, and treatment effectiveness. More studies are necessary to understand how cannabis can be used medically and what regulatory frameworks are needed to ensure patient safety.

Looking Ahead: Potential Challenges and Opportunities

If passed, the EBDPA would provide federal agencies with the option to fund research into controversial drugs, but challenges remain. Funding for research may still be limited, particularly under a political administration that has shown little interest in expanding drug research. Harris is cautious, acknowledging that the political landscape could delay the bill’s full impact.

Despite these obstacles, she sees the EBDPA as a crucial step forward. It’s a thoughtful proposal that could make drug policy more rational and research-friendly. Harris remains hopeful that, despite potential delays, the bill represents a much-needed shift toward science-based drug policy.