A new study suggests that following a Mediterranean-style diet could help reduce the risk of dementia, even for people with a strong genetic predisposition. Dementia results from a mix of genetic, environmental, and lifestyle factors, with the APOE4 gene variant being one of the most significant contributors. Carrying one copy of APOE4 triples the risk of Alzheimer’s disease, while two copies raise the likelihood up to twelvefold.
Diet’s Protective Effect Strongest in High-Risk Groups
Published in Nature Medicine, the research followed over 5,700 participants for three decades. Those who adhered to a Mediterranean diet—rich in fruits, vegetables, nuts, whole grains, and low in red and processed meats—showed slower cognitive decline and a lower incidence of dementia. The protective effect was particularly strong among people carrying two copies of APOE4. Researchers say the diet may work by influencing metabolic pathways that affect brain health. While the findings require confirmation in more diverse populations, the study highlights diet as a practical way to counter genetic risks and support cognitive health.
