Surgeons in China have successfully transplanted a genetically modified pig lung into a brain dead human for the first time, with the organ functioning for nine days. The procedure, reported in Nature Medicine, marks an important step in xenotransplantation, a field exploring the use of animal organs to address global shortages. Currently, only about 10% of the worldwide demand for transplants is being met.
The donor lung came from a Chinese Bama Xiang pig engineered with six genetic modifications to reduce rejection. The 39-year-old recipient retained his own right lung, which helped compensate when the pig lung began to deteriorate. While the transplanted organ remained viable for over 200 hours without triggering hyperacute rejection, it developed fluid buildup, inflammation, and progressive antibody attacks despite strong immunosuppressive drugs.
Challenges and Future Directions
Experts emphasize that pig lungs face unique challenges compared to other organs, as they constantly interact with the external environment, making them highly vulnerable to infections and immune reactions. Andrew Fisher of Newcastle University called the work an “incremental step,” noting that lung xenotransplantation is still far from clinical application.
Researchers stress the need for refined genetic engineering, improved immunosuppression, and better preservation methods. Alternatives such as repairing damaged human donor lungs or growing humanized organs in animals are also under investigation. While the study represents a milestone, specialists agree that much more work is required before pig lungs can be safely transplanted into living patients.
