US President Donald Trump and Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu revealed a new 20-point peace initiative on 29 September.
They designed the plan to end the Gaza War, consulting Egypt, Qatar, and Turkey during negotiations.
Trump pushed Israel to stop its military operations after an Israeli strike on Doha violated Qatari airspace.
That failed attack on Hamas negotiators prompted immediate diplomatic pressure from Washington.
With Israel achieving its key objectives in Iran, Lebanon, and Gaza, Trump felt free to demand a ceasefire.
On 8 October, both sides signed the first phase of the deal, marking a major diplomatic shift in the region.
Phase One: Ceasefire and Humanitarian Relief
The agreement orders an immediate halt to fighting and freezes all battle lines.
Both sides must release prisoners within 72 hours — Israel must free 1,950 Palestinians, and Hamas must release all hostages.
The first phase prioritises humanitarian aid, opening routes for relief convoys and medical operations across Gaza.
Palestinian detainees serving life sentences are among those set for release.
Officials say this stage will establish trust before deeper negotiations on disarmament and reconstruction begin.
Phase Two and Three: Disarmament, Reconstruction, and Governance
In Phase Two, international monitors will dismantle Hamas’s tunnels and weapons systems to prevent renewed violence.
Gaza will become a demilitarised zone, and Hamas members who renounce violence will receive amnesty or safe passage abroad.
A multinational peacekeeping force led by US, Arab, and European troops will secure the area and train Palestinian police.
Phase Three introduces a transitional Palestinian administration supervised by an international body to rebuild infrastructure.
Aid groups such as the UN and Red Crescent will manage fair distribution of resources and humanitarian supplies.
Palestinians will be encouraged to remain and rebuild, with incentives for stability and local employment.
The “Board of Peace,” chaired by Trump and including former UK Prime Minister Tony Blair, will oversee governance.
While the plan recognises Palestinian statehood as an aspiration, Trump stopped short of granting official US recognition.
Netanyahu later stated that Israel would not allow a Palestinian state to form under the agreement.
